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Cell Instructive Materials to Control and Guide Cell Function: Programmable Bioactive Interfaces looks at the key determinants of the dynamic interface between cell and materials and how this can be applied in developing new, bioactive biomaterials surfaces. The interface between cell and synthetic materials has attracted considerable scientific and technological interest, leading to the awareness that functional interfaces can actively guide and control specific adhesion and recognitions events. Introduces readers to the fundamentals of complex cell-material interface dynamics Provides valuable tools for the control of the interfacial dynamics to instruct and control cells or tissues functions Covers the prospect of encoding specific cell instructions on, or within, a biomaterial by micro- and nano-patterning materials features

The present book discusses topics related to research and development of materials and devices at nanoscale size and their respective application in medicine and biomedicine. The individual chapters give a detailed state of the art overview to the distinct topic. Apparently disconnected fields - life sciences, biomedicine, chemistry, physics, medicine and engineering - will be bridged with a highly interdisciplinary view onto each subject.

Regenerative Medicine Applications in Organ Transplantation illustrates exactly how these two fields are coming together and can benefit one another. It discusses technologies being developed, methods being implemented, and which of these are the most promising. The text encompasses tissue engineering, biomaterial sciences, stem cell biology, and developmental biology, all from a transplant perspective. Organ systems considered include liver, renal, intestinal, pancreatic, and more. Leaders from both fields have contributed chapters, clearly illustrating that regenerative medicine and solid organ transplantation speak the same language and that both aim for similar medical outcomes. The overall theme of the book is to provide insight into the synergy between organ transplantation and regenerative medicine. Recent groundbreaking achievements in regenerative medicine have received unprecedented coverage by the media, fueling interest and enthusiasm in transplant clinicians and researchers. Regenerative medicine is changing the premise of solid organ transplantation, requiring transplantation investigators to become familiar with regenerative medicine investigations that can be extremely relevant to their work. Similarly, regenerative medicine investigators need to be aware of the needs of the transplant field to bring these two fields together for greater results. Bridges the gap between regenerative medicine and solid organ transplantation and highlights reasons for collaboration Explains the importance and future potential of regenerative medicine to the transplant community Illustrates to regenerative medicine investigators the needs of the transplant discipline to drive and guide investigations in the most promising directions

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue " Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering" that was published in Gels

This book focuses on advances made in both materials science and scaffold development techniques, paying close attention to the latest and state-of-the-art research. Chapters delve into a sweeping variety of specific materials categories, from composite materials to bioactive ceramics, exploring how these materials are specifically designed for regenerative engineering applications. Also included are unique chapters on biologically-derived scaffolding, along with 3D printing technology for regenerative engineering. Features: Covers the latest developments in advanced materials for regenerative engineering and medicine. Each chapter is written by world class researchers in various aspects of this medical technology. Provides unique coverage of biologically derived scaffolding. Includes separate chapter on how 3D printing technology is related to regenerative engineering. Includes extensive references at the end of each chapter to enhance further study.

This book covers the latest bio-inspired materials synthesis techniques and biomedical applications that are advancing the field of tissue engineering. Bio-inspired concepts for biomedical engineering are at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Scientists, engineers and physicians are working together to replicate the sophisticated hierarchical organization and adaptability found in nature and selected by evolution to recapitulate the cellular microenvironment. This book demonstrates the dramatic clinical breakthroughs that have been made in engineering all four of the major tissue types and modulating the immune system. Part I (Engineering Bio-inspired Material Microenvironments) covers Bio-inspired Presentation of Chemical Cues, Bio-inspired Presentation of Physical Cues, and Bio-inspired Integration of Natural Materials. Part II (Bio-inspired Tissue Engineering) addresses tissue engineering in epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and the immune system.

Composite Materials presents recent developments and state-of-the-art achievements in the science and technology of composites. It identifies and discusses key and emerging issues for future progress in the multidisciplinary field of composites. By bringing together leading experts and promising innovators from research institutions and academia, Composite Materials highlights unresolved issues and identifies opportunities for long-term research needs to provide the reader with a vision for the future in various fields of application of composite materials. A few of the many future directions highlighted in the book are increasingly multifunctional properties; complex, hybrid and nanoreinforced materials; and tailoring in multiple dimensions and directions. The wider areas covered include, but are not limited to, the following: biomedical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace engineering, automotive engineering, and naval engineering. Composite Materials is designed to increase the reader’s understanding of the state of the art of composite materials in a variety of industrial sectors and to explore future needs and opportunities. It will therefore be of use to professionals working in the composites industry, research centers, and academia, who already have a graduate-level knowledge of composite materials.

Biomedical foams are a new class of materials, which are increasingly being used for tissue engineering applications. Biomedical Foams for Tissue Engineering Applications provides a comprehensive review of this new class of materials, whose structure can be engineered to meet the requirements of nutrient trafficking and cell and tissue invasion, and to tune the degradation rate and mechanical stability on the specific tissue to be repaired. Part one explores the fundamentals, properties, and modification of biomedical foams, including the optimal design and manufacture of biomedical foam pore structure for tissue engineering applications, biodegradable biomedical foam scaffolds, tailoring the pore structure of foam scaffolds for nerve regeneration, and tailoring properties of polymeric biomedical foams. Chapters in part two focus on tissue engineering applications of biomedical foams, including the use of bioactive glass foams for tissue engineering applications, bioactive glass and glass-ceramic foam scaffolds for bone tissue restoration, composite biomedical foams for engineering bone tissue, injectable biomedical foams for bone regeneration, polylactic acid (PLA) biomedical foams for tissue engineering, porous hydrogel biomedical foam scaffolds for tissue repair, and titanium biomedical foams for osseointegration. Biomedical Foams for Tissue Engineering Applications is a technical resource for researchers and developers in the field of biomaterials, and academics and students of biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine. Explores the fundamentals, properties, and modification of biomedical foams Includes intense focus on tissue engineering applications of biomedical foams A technical resource for researchers and developers in the field of biomaterials, and academics and students of biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine

Nanotechnologies in Preventative and Regenerative Medicine demonstrates how control at the nanoscale can help achieve earlier diagnoses and create more effective treatments. Chapters take a logical approach, arranging materials by their area of application. Biomaterials are, by convention, divided according to the area of their application, with each chapter outlining current challenges before discussing how nanotechnology and nanomaterials can help solve these challenges This applications-orientated book is a valuable resource for researchers in biomedical science who want to gain a greater understanding on how nanotechnology can help create more effective vaccines and treatments, and to nanomaterials researchers seeking to gain a greater understanding of how these materials are applied in medicine. Demonstrates how nanotechnology can help achieve more successful diagnoses at an earlier stage Explains how nanomaterials can be manipulated to create more effective drug treatments Offers suggestions on how the use of nanotechnology might have future applications to create even more effective treatments

In order to grow replacement tissues, 3D scaffolds are widely used as a template for tissue engineering and regeneration. These scaffolds, which are typically ‘seeded’ with cells, support the growth of new tissues. However, in order to achieve successful tissue growth, the scaffold must meet specific requirements and are often ‘functionalized’ to accentuate particular properties. Functional 3D tissue engineering scaffolds: materials, technologies, and applications, is a comprehensive review of functional 3D scaffolds, providing information on the fundamentals, technologies, and applications. Part 1 focuses on the fundamentals of 3D tissue scaffolds, examining information on materials, properties, and trends. Part 2 discusses a wide range of conventional technologies for engineering functional 3D scaffolds, leading the way to a discussion on CAD and advanced technologies for functional 3D scaffold engineering. Chapters in part 3 study methods for functionalizing scaffolds to support a variety of in vivo functions whilst the final set of chapters provides an important review of the most significant applications of functional 3D scaffolds within tissue engineering. This book is a valuable resource for biomaterial scientists and biomedical engineers in academia and industry, with interests in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Provides a self-contained work for the field of biomaterials and tissue engineering Discusses all the requirements a scaffold must meet and a wide range of strategies to create them Highlights significant and successful applications of functional 3D scaffolds

The book covers recent advances and progress in understanding both the fundamental science of lasers interactions in materials science, as well as a special emphasis on emerging applications enabled by the irradiation of materials by pulsed laser systems. The different chapters illustrate how, by careful control of the processing conditions, laser irradiation can result in efficient material synthesis, characterization, and fabrication at various length scales from atomically-thin 2D materials to microstructured periodic surface structures. This book serves as an excellent resource for all who employ lasers in materials science, spanning such different disciplines as photonics, photovoltaics, and sensing, to biomedical applications.

Tissue engineering aims to develop biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve damaged tissue and organ functionality. To date, numerous stem cells and biomaterials have been explored for a variety of tissue and organ regeneration. The challenge for existing stem cell–based techniques is that current therapies lack controlled environments that are crucial for regulating stem cell engraftment and differentiation in vivo, because stem cells are rather sensitive to even minute changes in their environment. Micro- and nanotechnology hold great potential to fabricate biomimetic spatiotemporally controlled scaffolds as well as control stem cell behavior and fate by micro- and nanoscale cues. This book presents the latest micro- and nanotechnologies used to manipulate stem cell behaviors, which is a critical area for regenerative medicine. Moreover, it covers and details cutting-edge research in nano- and microfabrication techniques and biomaterials for the regeneration of various tissues and organs, such as bone, cartilage, craniofacial, osteochondral, muscle, bladder, cardiac, and vascular tissues.

Immobilization of individual cells and collections of cells in well-defined, reproducible, nano-to-microscale structures that allow structural and functional manipulation and interrogation is important for developing new classes of biotic/abiotic materials, for establishing the relationship between genotype and phenotype, and for elucidating responses to disease, injury/stress, or therapy - primary goals of biomedical research. Although there has been considerable recent progress in investigating the response of cells to chemical or topological patterns defined lithographically on 2D surfaces, it is time to advance from two-dimensional adhesion on dishes/fluidic devices to three-dimensional architectures that better represent the nanoporous, 3-D extracellular matrix (ECM). 3D immobilization in nanostructured hosts enables cells to be surrounded by other cells, maintains fluidic connectivity/accessibility, and allows development of 3-D molecular or chemical gradients that provide an instructive background to guide cellular behavior. Although 3-D cell immobilization in polymers, hydrogels, and inorganic gels has been practiced for decades, these approaches do not provide for bio/nano interfaces with 3D spatial control of topology and composition important to both the maintenance of natural cellular behavior patterns and the development of new non-native behaviors and functions. This LDRD project exploited our discovery of the ability of living cells to organize extended nanostructures and nano-objects in a manner that creates a unique, highly biocompatible bio/nano interface, mimicking the ECM, and maintaining cell viability, accessibility, and functionality (Baca et al. Science, 2006). Briefly, we found that, using short chain phospholipids to direct the formation of thin film silica mesophases during evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA, Lu, Brinker et al. Nature 1997), the introduction of cells (yeast, Gram negative and positive bacteria, and several mammalian cells) alters profoundly the inorganic self-assembly pathway. Cells actively organize around themselves an ordered, multilayered lipid-membrane that interfaces coherently with a lipid-templated silica nanostructure. This bio/nano interface is unique in that it withstands drying (even evacuation) without cracking or the development of tensile stresses - yet it maintains accessibility to molecules, proteins/antibodies, plasmids, etc - introduced into the 3D silica host. Additionally cell viability is preserved for weeks to months in the absence of buffer or a fluidic architecture, making these constructs useful as standalone cell-based sensors. (On this basis, our sensors were launched to the space station for viability studies after exposure to vacuum and UV). The bio/nano interfaces we describe do not form 'passively' - rather they are a consequence of the cell's ability to sense and actively respond to external stimuli. During EISA, solvent evaporation concentrates the extracellular environment in osmolytes. In response to this hyperosmotic stress, the cells release water, creating a gradient in pH (and presumably other molecular components), which is maintained within the adjoining nanostructured host and serves to localize lipids, proteins, plasmids, lipidized nanocrystals, and a variety of other components at the cellular surface. This active organization of the bio/nano interface, which we refer to as cell directed assembly (CDA) can be accomplished during ink-jet printing or selective wetting - processes allowing patterning of cellular arrays - what's more we find that cells printed onto preformed, fluid lipid/silica mesophases integrate themselves within the silica nanostructure, creating a 3D environment essentially indistinguishable from that in CDA. We refer to this latterprocess as cell-directed integration (CDI). The synthetic constructs we have developed have allowed us to explore several fundamental questions concerning the mechanisms by which cells actively control nanostructure formation and function and conversely the mechanisms by which nanostructured interfaces, matrices, and patterns can control cellular behavior.

Smart Polymers and Their Applications, Second Edition presents an up-to-date resource of information on the synthesis and properties of different types of smart polymers, including temperature, pH, electro, magnetic and photo-responsive polymers, amongst others. It is an ideal introduction to this field, as well as a review of the latest research in this area. Shape memory polymers, smart polymer hydrogels, and self-healing polymer systems are also explored. In addition, a very strong focus on applications of smart polymers is included for tissue engineering, smart polymer nanocarriers for drug delivery, and the use of smart polymers in medical devices. Additionally, the book covers the use of smart polymers for textile applications, packaging, energy storage, optical data storage, environmental protection, and more. This book is an ideal, technical resource for chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, mechanical engineers and other professionals in a range of industries. Includes a significant number of new chapters on smart polymer materials development, as well as new applications development in energy storage, sensors and devices, and environmental protection Provides a multidisciplinary approach to the development of responsive polymers, approaching the subject by the different types of polymer (e.g. temperature-responsive) and its range of applications

Comprehensive Biomaterials II, Second Edition brings together the myriad facets of biomaterials into one expertly-written series of edited volumes. Articles address the current status of nearly all biomaterials in the field, their strengths and weaknesses, their future prospects, appropriate analytical methods and testing, device applications and performance, emerging candidate materials as competitors and disruptive technologies, research and development, regulatory management, commercial aspects, and applications, including medical applications. Detailed coverage is given to both new and emerging areas and the latest research in more traditional areas of the field. Particular attention is given to those areas in which major recent developments have taken place. This new edition, with 75% new or updated articles, will provide biomedical scientists in industry, government, academia, and research organizations with an accurate perspective on the field in a manner that is both accessible and thorough. Reviews the current status of nearly all biomaterials in the field by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, performance, and future prospects Covers all significant emerging technologies in areas such as 3D printing of tissues, organs and scaffolds, cell encapsulation; multimodal delivery, cancer/vaccine - biomaterial applications, neural interface understanding, materials used for in situ imaging, and infection prevention and treatment Effectively describes the many modern aspects of biomaterials from basic science, to clinical applications